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P
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S
unday
T
ornadoes
| 50
th
A
nniversary
The Goshen News Saturday, April 11, 2015 |
29
“Conditions were favor-
able for the development of
large, long-lived, rotating
thunderstorms called su-
percells,” Call said. “Super-
cells are the most intense
form of thunderstorm and
capable of producing large
hail, strong wind gusts and
tornadoes.”
Call said that 99 percent of
thunderstorms are ordinary
and produce rain, some
lighting and the spring and
summer showers that water
Indiana’s corn crop each
year.
“Supercells only form
when we have a lot of twist-
ing and turning of the wind
with height in the atmo-
sphere and conditions are
favorable to the formation
of thunderstorms. Often we
are missing one or more of
the necessary ingredients,”
he added.
Lewis said when condi-
tions are right, storms can
form along the same path,
over and over.
“What we saw in Dunlap
was the family, or parallel
mode,” he said. “In this case
you end up with a tornado
forming along the path of
the storm. So, one tornado
forms and is then followed
by another... Generally
what happens in that type
of environment is the storm
forms but the atmosphere
doesn’t modify enough, so
you have the development
of additional thunderstorms
in that same environment.
So you can see those storms
form and another develop
in the same general area ...
In ‘65 that is what we were
seeing.”
Supercell storms are
immense, often towering
to more than 40,000 feet,
according to Lewis.
“Once you get into that,
you are dealing with jet
stream winds,” he said. “If
you push the clouds away,
it allows the sun to work on
the ground below. You are
able to take the moisture
and heat and evacuate it out
of the top of this storm and
allow the sun to work on
the ground below and keep
it going ... You create an
engine.”
So why doesn’t every
thunderstorm end up creat-
ing a supercell? Lewis said
supercells require a hori-
zontal column of air. Most
thunderstorms have a tilt to
their air currents.
“... the updraft and
downdraft get tilted so the
downdraft can push but the
updraft just rides over it
and they end up just sort of
riding over the top of each
other,” he said.
And why do most people
who saw the tornado out-
break that day say the sky
looked strange, with yellow
and green light?
Lewis said the light was
filtered through a lot of
clouds.
“It was a deep, deep storm
system,” he said.
Tornado alley
Occasionally locals are
heard to say they live in
tornado alley. Do we? The
answer depends on what
map you consult and what
expert you talk to.
“We certainly are not the
Southern Plains,” Lewis
said. “But we have a ten-
dency to see more torna-
does here than in Michigan
or even the Northeastern
states.”
Fortunately, not all torna-
does in northern Indiana are
in the F3 or F4 categories.
Lewis said most of the tor-
nadoes reported here, are
much smaller.
“But (they are) just as
deadly, just as dangerous.
They are a threat to lives
and a threat to property,”
Lewis said.
Lewis said “Tornado Al-
ley” is generally outlined as
starting in Texas and taking
in the Plains states and hav-
ing just its northern edge
enter north central Illinois
and northern Indiana.
“Tornado Alley is gen-
erally thought of as the
Great Plains, and over long
periods of time this is where
the most tornadoes have
occurred,” Call said. “How-
ever, the Midwest and Deep
South are two other regions
that also get an above aver-
age number of tornadoes.
In any given year they may
actually be more active than
the Great Plains.”
According to the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration statistics, In-
diana averaged 22 tornadoes
a year from 1991 to 2010.
Texas topped all states with
an average 155 tornadoes.
Kansas had an average of 96
twisters and Arkansas aver-
aged 62.
Disaster
Continued from page 4
NICHOLAS
GREENAWALT
,
left, and Nathan
Marsili, work their
shifts at the North
Webster National
Weather Service of-
fice. The office staff
uses a Doppler ra-
dar to track storms
as they move into
northern Indiana,
southern Michigan
and northwest Ohio.
Roger Schneider |
The Goshen News
